Receiver for electromagnetic waves.



315551" nimm-LE CGW mA, PBSSBNDEN. y RECEIVER FOB ELECTBOMAGNETIC WAVES.

Patented Oct. 29, 1912.

4 SHBBTSASHBBT 1.

FIGA. y'

MM? f WITNESSES:

Rg f1. ESSENDEN. RGEIVER FOR BLEGTROMAGNETIG WAVES. APPLICATION FILEDMAR, 22, 1905.`

44 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patenmd 001;.29Q1912.

` R. A. FESSBNDEN. RECEIVER FOR ELECTEOMAGNBTIG WAVES.

APPLIGATION FILED MAErZB, 1905. 1,042,778, Patented oen-29,1912

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

@.@wum

R. A. FESSENDBN. RECEIVER POR BLECTROMAGNETIG WAVES. APPLICATION FILEDMAR.22.1905. I,;2,??8 Ila-cem@ @en 29, m2

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4 Allectronniltgnetic Waves, ot Wh :li

ivpe ot' receiver in which the Waves are w" CT OF COLUMBIA, ILSSIGNGP.TG

replication 'filed Marcia ,1 ncsa-7i lineman) ton, in the ot have l anduseful lmprovenientey in l'eceiverss Ytar the tollowingr is aspecification.

The invention herein described relates to receiversy `t'or WirelessSignaling and more which the waves are caused to produce dictlvine-clinical effects instead of to prf :if-c direct ettrical elle-ctssuch as changcoinluctirit-.iv or continuity ot a local y and to Securingthe necessary persist, ence of eli'ecl.

Linnibarticularlv still it relates to a new f ansed to act directly uponmoving bodies in gtionalor ilrictional relation to varj.7 Such relation.The specific factor ot frictional i'l'ec'i which i Varied directly bythe electro-magnetic wares is that knoivn technicall the Afunout offriction.

.mention therefore involve' lni two condizctere. one :vit thempreferably aV eolid` angfed to develop t' l or with or W 1' ilonal tti,out contact. le parte, lranrnni'tti or tendire i* i irai ninA n: theiii'mliliraiion l streift the olectrmag'i vc fina ly the utilization thecha ot eti tendency tzr movement et one oi" toe bei in the diz i fr? the`other in gir-)portion to theesnfmnt et the 'liriciionand the conterbalancing lor/:e a= in the oppwruto direction. ,inv variati. infrieti' b'v the 1 action oi lli: elec'ro-inagnetir waves e, rwth-Jr l ilire;

;ti\'el v eonnected in ala11cee`l bv Stre in the obpvsite direi:`

o. decrease, willA imbalance 'the normally balanced forces and causebodily movement ot' the normally balanced member 55 eithein thedirection of the frict-ional stress or in tl direction of thecounterbalanoin torce ac -ording as the etl'ect ot' the electrd magneticwaves is to decrease or increase the total amount of friction. ln moetcases. l prefer toarrange matters so that the total amount of 'frictionwill be increased by aiectiiig an increase in the value of the factorknown as `the co-elicient of friction. er the pressure ot'the magneticfriction.

figureel l, 2, 3 and 4 of the iilraivingss show partly in diagramcertain forms in which l have embodied my invention. 'lllhey also showsimilar forms in which the persi. 'ence oi, effect necessary topractical operation is 7 secured. Figs. 5 to 1l show other ferme. Fig'.l2 is a vier part-ly in section and partly in elevation, illustrating amodification of iny improvement; Figs. 13 and 1l show in elevation andplan a further modification of the invention.

ln l l have shown the frictional strees developed between a rotatingwheel l, which may be driven by cloclnvorl: or bv an induction or othermotor and a body 2 resting -against l and tending to follow thedirection ot inovennnt of the latter but reua'rained andeounterlialanced in such movehv the diaphragm 3 with which it. tm Thisdiaphragm ie preferably ver;7 thin and correspondingly delicate.

f. 4otatmg Wheel 1 may be made or silver, nickel, l() per cent1.bismuth-g i alloyV er ailier suitable material and the body 2 inajv be apiece of thin gold leaf, thcugh do not confine nrvsel'f'tot-his'particular material :1a amalgamated cagper foil may be usedenecially when amalgamated copper s used lor the wheel. Thie receiveris, opera any desired receiving` cil-ruit, as example, brv connecting;rthe badi' to the vertical l and the wheel to the connection 5.

n fperation the `wheel Vl is rotated and the bril-a re ting against itsperiphery iss pulled or pushed as the case may be in the itY '.:n ofnievenient ci the wheel to an dem ifgling upon the co-etlicient at CIJ uit i splaced, to a greater or less eX- t'- depending upon the friction,as shown in il le'. 6. lvvpon the receipt of the electrical oscillationsby the antenna 8, the vwire il is still further magnetlzed and thefriction increased. rrhereby the Wire 11 1s drawn still further to oneside. and an indi-y cation is produced on the Siphon recorder telephone29.

8; 10, show tivo other' forms, 9 and' ll being plan views. In Fig. 8, 31is the antenna grounded at 32, and the Waves pass through twoelectromagnetic coils 33, 34, which may hare magnetic cores as shown, inwhich case the cores are formed of very r'ine iron Wire. rThese coresare caused to revolve by a pulley 36. 57 are sliding contacts in theform ot bunches attached to the coils and engaging the fixed rings 36aand for leading the highly oscillatory currents and the current from thepotentiometer 38 into and out of the coils 33, 34. is a disk supportedby the tine wire 4Q which is suspended from another tine wire 4i. Thisdisk carries a contact arm 42. In operation the magnets 34, revolve andin revolving drag around the disk 39 to an extent depending upon thecurrent flowing from the potentiometer 38. This current is so adjusted'that the contact arm 42 does not niake'confact normally 'with the.fixed contact 43. When however, the oscillatory currents dos* throughtrom the antennre through 'the coils il?. the torque or magnetictriction of the disk Si) altered and the contact arm i2 makes contarwith the lined contact fifi. and the current trom the local battery 4ltion'n l mechanism 45, thereby producing an indication.

ln Fig. l() a single annular coil 46 is used instead ot the two coils 33$34, with sliding contacts il?, 38. as before. The annular coil isdriven by the pulley and the cylindrical tubos between which the'coil h3is Wound Visor" insulating material. ln this i stead o. the dislc 39athin iron wire around by the magnetic fricii hue iron wire carrying thecontact 'l being. "laped to malie contact te mechanism shown in contacti'.

g through the circuit actuates the In the plan views shown inlligs. 9and ll the numbers have the same signiicance as in the elevations.

F ig. 12 shows another embodiment orp the invention in which 50 is theantenna grounded at 5]. and 52 a coil through which passes the highfrequency oscillations and also the current from the potentiometer 53;54, 55 being choke coils 56 the line Wire ot magnetic material,preferably iron, bent at the point 57, so asv to come nearly in contactwith the rapidly revolving pulley shaped disk or Wheel 58, madepreferably ot copper, and driven by alternator 62. 59 is a very thinpiece of mica or glass so arranged as to lie between the surface otpulley 5S and the tine iron Wire 57. 60 is a. quartz fiber or fine wiresupporting the tine iron Wire 56; and 61 is a nut for adjusting theposition of the fine iron wire. In'practice the Wheel 58 revolves veryrapidly, the fine Wire 56 being magnetized to any extent from Zeroupward to that desired by means of a potentiometer 53. Ther action ofthe rapidly revolving disk 58 pulls the fine Wire 56 to one side, into asteady position, which may be called the zero position. On the passageof the highly oscillatory currents through the coil 52, themagnetization in the iron Wire 56 is altered, which in turn alters theamount of the interaction between the revolving Vvvheel 58 and the ironWire 56 so that the position of the iron Wire is shifted 4from Zero andan indication is produced either visual, as shown, or mechanical, asshown in Figs. 5 and 7. The object of the thin piece of mica or glass 59is to prevent the action of the air currents from causing motion to theWire 56, and such a diaphragm may also be used in other tor-ms whereactual contact is not necessary to produce the friction, for example, inFig. 10.

In Fig. i3 is shown another form in'which a disk of copper, 63. ismounted on the hol,` low shaft 64, and driven by a mechanism ln 'thisform the oscillatory currents from the antennae 66, flow through thccoils 67, 68, to groulnd at 6). These-two coils are supported oulahorizontal arm which is in turn supported by a wire 7l. and thehorizontal arm carries the contact arm 72, adapted to malte contact withthe fixed contact 73, and thereby closes the local circuitthrough thebattery 74. and imlicating mechanism T5. A potentiometer 76 may be usedto cause a constant current to tlow through the coil 6T, 68, and therebyadjustv the position of the horizontal arm T0. The passage ot' the highfrequency? oscillations from the antenna,` through the coils 6T, 68.,cause a change in the amount ot drag ot thovdisli '6I-l. and thcrel'iycloses the contat-ls 72, 73, and operates the im'licaliug mechanism 5"5.

Fig i-lis a plan View otl the apparatus.

The coils 6T, '(38 and the arm 7() should be as pui imc @spouse t0 tuproduce 70 im@ l "3 Sist imm bemaui vwl 9.111 apparat-us, forelectromagnetic Wave raneous with the duration lthereof,substantelzegaphy, the combination of two bodies lially as described.v10

:uid'meansor maintaining Vahem with cfm- 111 testimony whereof, Ihayehereunto set "dition of trctional stress between them and my hand.nnioving one (1f-them at high Velocity and REGNALD A. FESSIINDEN,A

-mfehs for alterilig seid trectional relation Witnesses:

.by jthe :agency of prolonged tira'ms of waves, -THoas P. Bmvwi,A,.--miegeiect of azhe Waves Aeinig contempo- LEONA FEATHEBS.

